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Non-destructive testing (NDT)

Is a testing and analysis technique used by industry to evaluate the properties of a material, component, structure or system for characteristic differences or welding defects and discontinuities without causing damage to the original part. NDT also known as non-destructive examination (NDE), non-destructive inspection (NDI) and non-destructive evaluation (NDE).

Visual Testing (VT)

Visual testing also known as visual inspection is one of the most common techniques which involves the operator looking at the test piece. This can be aided by the use of optical instruments such as magnifying glasses or computer-assisted systems (known as 'Remote Viewing').

This method allows for the detection of corrosion, misalignment, damage, cracks, and more. Visual testing is inherent in most other types of NDT as they will generally require an operator to look for defects.
Liquid Penetrant Testing (PT)

Liquid penetrant testing involves the application of a fluid with low viscosity to the material to be tested. This fluid seeps into any defects such as cracks or porosity before a developer is applied which allows the penetrant liquid to seep upwards and create a visible indication of the flaw. Liquid penetrant tests can be conducted using solvent removable penetrants, water washable penetrants or post emulsifiable penetrants.
Magnetic Particle Testing (MT)

This NDT process uses magnetic fields to find discontinuities at or near the surface of ferromagnetic materials. The magnetic field can be created with a permanent magnet or an electromagnet, which requires a current to be applied.

The magnetic field will highlight any discontinuities as the magnetic flux lines produce leakage, which can be seen by using magnetic particles that are drawn into the discontinuity.
Radiographic Testing (RT)

Radiographic testing uses radiation passed through a test piece to detect defects. Xrays are commonly used for thin or less dense materials while gamma rays are used for thicker or denser items. The results can be processed using film radiography, computed radiography, computed tomography or digital radiography. Whichever method is used, the radiation will show discontinuities in the material due to the strength of the radiation.
Ultrasonic Testing (UT)

Ultrasonic Testing entails the transmission of high frequency sound into a material to interact with features within the material that reflect or attenuate it. Ultrasonic testing is broadly divided into Pulse Echo (PE), Through Transmission (TT) and Time of Flight Diffraction (ToFD).

Time of Flight Diffraction (ToFD)

Diffraction is the process of a change in wavelength in sound as it interacts with a discontinuity in a material. This mechanism is used in situations where a true reflection cannot be obtained but sufficient diffraction occurs to alter the time of flight of the sound in a pitch-catch arrangement. This method is used to detect the tip of a defect that resides perpendicular the probe contact surface. ToFD is also used for rear wall inspection for detection of corrosion.

Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT)

PAUT probes are different from conventional UT probes in that they consist of an array of individual elements that can be pulsed independently. By controlling the times at which each element is fired, sound beams can be focussed or steered. By sweeping the beam through a range of angles or depths, cross-sectional views can be generated using one probe where several probe and wedge combinations may have been required with conventional UT. A virtual probe can be created from a number of elements and this can be electronically indexed along the length of the array to create a wide paintbrush scan.

Destructive Testing (DT)

In destructive testing the testing is carried out until the specimen fails, with the aim of determining the relative mechanical properties of the material.

A tensile test is used to determine the mechanical properties of the material, i.e. its ultimate tensile strength, yield point or proof stress and ductility.

Other destructive tests such as hardness testing, impact testing, fracture toughness testing, fatigue testing, creep testing, bend testing, shear testing and torsion testing are also used to characterise material properties, but each of them renders the specimen unsuitable for further use

Usually destructive tests are carried out on round, square or flat rectangular, specimens cut from the material of interest. Some of these tests may also be carried out on structures, especially if they are mass produced, and the loss of components has little effect on the economics of production.

However, it is not economic to destructively test large and expensive structures such as bridges, pipelines, oil rigs, petrochemical reactor vessels and pressure vessels, although aircraft prototypes may be subject to fatigue testing in specially constructed test rigs..

Supplying

Providing all inspection and measurement devices used in destrauctive tests and non-destructive tests and hand tools from international origins, with providing all the required documents such as the certificate of origin and calibration certificates .